NCHRP Synthesis 350 – Crash Records Systems
نویسنده
چکیده
Systematic, well-designed research provides the most effective approach to the solution of many problems facing highway administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local interest and can best be studied by highway departments individually or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the accelerating growth of highway transportation develops increasingly complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These problems are best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. In recognition of these needs, the highway administrators of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials initiated in 1962 an objective national highway research program employing modern scientific techniques. This program is supported on a continuing basis by funds from participating member states of the Association and it receives the full cooperation and support of the Federal Highway Administration, United States Department of Transportation. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies was requested by the Association to administer the research program because of the Board's recognized objectivity and understanding of modern research practices. The Board is uniquely suited for this purpose as it maintains an extensive committee structure from which authorities on any highway transportation subject may be drawn; it possesses avenues of communications and cooperation with federal, state, and local governmental agencies, universities, and industry; its relationship to the National Research Council is an insurance of objectivity; it maintains a full-time research correlation staff of specialists in highway transportation matters to bring the findings of research directly to those who are in a position to use them. The program is developed on the basis of research needs identified by chief administrators of the highway and transportation departments and by committees of AASHTO. Each year, specific areas of research needs to be included in the program are proposed to the National Research Council and the Board by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Research projects to fulfill these needs are defined by the Board, and qualified research agencies are selected from those that have submitted proposals. Administration and surveillance of research contracts are the responsibilities of the National Research Council and the Transportation Research Board. The needs for highway research are many, and the National Cooperative Highway Research Program can make significant contributions to the solution of highway transportation problems of mutual concern to many responsible groups. The program, however, is intended to complement rather than to substitute for or duplicate …
منابع مشابه
Limits of Acceptable Rail-and-Post Deflection in Crash-Damaged Strong-Post W-Beam Guardrail
the supporting posts and soil. Impacts with a higher speed but shallower angle can also cause more distributed rail-and-post deflection. The amount of deflection that can be sustained by guardrail before its safety is compromised is a major concern. Maintenance crews and highway agencies are often forced to balance the expense of continual repairs against the potential liability if the damaged ...
متن کاملEvaluation of the Acceleration Severity Index Threshold Values Utilizing Event Data Recorder Technology
The Acceleration Severity Index (ASI) is used to evaluate the potential for occupant risk in full-scale crash tests involving roadside safety hardware. Despite its widespread use across Europe, there is a lack of research relating this metric to occupant injury in real-world collisions. Recent installation of Event Data Recorders (EDRs) in a number of late model vehicles presents a different pe...
متن کاملAnalysis of the Effects of Construction Tolerances on Bridge Rail Performance
Bridge rails are a type of longitudinal barrier that serves the important purpose of keeping vehicles on the bridge structure. Many different designs have evolved for bridge rails, including some based upon the cross sections used for rigid concrete safety shapes. These designs need to conform to the crashworthiness requirements of NCHRP Report 350 or MASH to be acceptable for use on U.S. highw...
متن کاملSecondary collisions revisited: real-world crash data and relationship to crash test criteria.
OBJECTIVES Previous research conducted in the late 1980s suggested that vehicle impacts following an initial barrier collision increase severe occupant injury risk. Now over 25 years old, the data are no longer representative of the currently installed barriers or the present US vehicle fleet. The purpose of this study is to provide a present-day assessment of secondary collisions and to determ...
متن کاملSafety Performance Evaluation of Concrete Barriers on Curved and Superelevated Roads
Highways are comprised of tangent and curved sections. It has been established that there is a difference in safety between these types of sections. Roadside safety hardware, however, is not specifically designed or tested to address the differences in behavior that may be associated with placement of curves relative to tangent sections. The differences in safety performance may be negligible d...
متن کاملFinite Element Modeling and Validation of a 3-Strand Cable Guardrail System
The primary purpose of longitudinal safety barriers, such as cable barriers, is to contain and/or redirect errant vehicles that depart the roadway, hence keeping them from entering opposing travel lanes or encountering terrain features and roadside objects that may cause severe impacts. In this study, a detailed finite element model of a three-strand cable barrier was developed and validated ag...
متن کامل